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METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION:

Time-barrier methods:

 

Withdrawal: This is sometimes called Coitus Interruptus: This involves the man trying to withdraw his penis before he ejaculates. Unfortunately this method is extremely unreliable. The man tends to be distracted at exactly the time when he needs to have his wits about him. Also, large numbers of sperm are present in the lubricating fluid that is discharged from the penis before ejaculation. They can cause pregnancy even without an ejaculation.

Rhythm Method: The date that the woman will next release a mature ovum is estimated on the basis of the average length of her menstrual period, and the time of her last period. If successful, then the technique prevents live sperm and a live ovum from being present in the fallopian tubes simultaneously.

This method actually based on the normal rhythmic changes happening in menstrual cycle. The egg or ovum is secreted from the ovary on day 14 from the last of of menses. Therefore the couple is advised to avoid un-protected sex from day 10 to day 18. This method is based on the regularity of menstrual cycle of the women. However still there are failure rates of this method.

Billings Method: The woman observes her vaginal discharge on a daily basis. There are subtle changes in texture, quantity and color which indicate when ovulation is happening. Sexual intercourse is avoided for a while at that time.

Body Temperature Method: The woman measures her body temperature. There is usually a small rise in temperature after ovulation. Sexual intercourse is avoided for a while at that time.

 

Mechanical-barrier methods:

 

Condoms: The condom is the most common mechanical contraceptive. It is a latex sleeve that is placed over the erect penis. If properly applied, this physical barrier almost certainly keeps sperm from entering the woman's body. It has the added advantage of drastically reducing the chances of either partner contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Rupturing of condoms is frequently reported during force full sexual intercourse. Therefore making sure of the manufacturing quality as well as appropriate force while sexual act is the essence of this method.

Intra-uterine devices (IUDs): are believed to allow fertilization but prevent implantation. The two types that are currently available have a reported effectiveness rate of 99.4 and 99.9%.

The diaphragm: This is a soft rubber cap that is inserted into the vagina and located over the cervix. It is often used with a spermicidal jelly or cream. It physically prevents sperm from entering the uterus, and kills any that come in contact with the spermicide.

The cervical cap: This is like a diaphragm, except that it is smaller. It is shaped like a thimble and fits snugly over the cervix.

Chemical-barrier methods:

 

Contraceptive Pill: Regular usage of the contraceptive pill is generally considered to prevent conception by inhibiting ovulation. It is a very popular method of birth control. Beside advantages using the pills results in different type of problems therefore they should only be started after getting advice from concerned doctor.

Emergency contraception (EC) or "the morning after pill:" Doctors sometimes prescribed multiple contraceptive pills in cases where a woman has had unprotected sex. These pills are now available as an emergency contraceptive kit. The pills may prevent the release of an ovum, or may prevent it from being fertilized; in these cases, it acts as a contraceptive. However, if the ovum has already been fertilized, it is believed that the pills will prevent the implantation of the blastocyst.