Pregnancy And Child Birth

10 Things That Might Surprise

you About Being Pregnant

Pregnancy aik aisa subject hai jo bahot saray papers generate kerta hai.bookshelves aur libraries sirf shelves ko hi es k liay devote nahi kertay balkay pooray aisles.aap k first prenatal visit per shahid ap ka doctor aap k arms ko pamphlets se rmload ker day jis me her trimesters aur tests cover ho.but es sub information k bawajood pregnancy parents ko surprise bhi ker sakti hai.

What the Doctor May Leave Out

Ager aap k doctor ne aap k visits me ye saray following topics mention nahi kiay tu wo aap ko purposefully information nahi omit ker raha/rahi,haan ho sakta hai aap ka doctor aap ko ye sub na bhi baatana chah raha ho because pregnancy aik women ko different ways me affect kerti hai.for example kuch women morning sickness ko morning time per experience kerti hen tu kuch es ko sara din feel kerti hen aur kuch ko ye hoota bhi nahi hai ya phir aap ka doctor kuch baatain mention nahi keray ga because es me medical focus na ho---ya aap ka doctor aap ki neighbour se zayada insight na ho ap k increasing shoe size me!aur kuch women breast size aur hemorrhoids ko personal soochti hen ya phir doctors se pochnay me embrrassing feel kerti hen.

Koi bhi concern aap k baby ki ya aap ki emotional ya physical health k baray me,regardless k wo kitna hi unrelated ya trivial nazer aye,aap ko zuroor apni doctor se discuss kerna chahiay because doctor ne kaheen expectant parents dekhay hen aap se kuch zayada ya kuch kam worried aur aap ko ye yaqeen dilaata hai information k baray me k aap ko koi problem hai ya koi problem nahi hai aur ager doctor aap k concerns ko soonanay k liay time nahi rukhta ya wo serious nahi hai es baray me tu aap ko second opinion rukhnay me free feel kerna chahiay.

Altered States

Pregnancy sirf aap ki body ko hi change nahi kerti---ye aap k surplus ko bhi effect kerti hai.

1.   The Nesting Instinct

Bahot sari pregnant women nesting instinct bhi experience kerti hen,aik powerfull urge jis me wo home cleaning aur decorating kerti hen takay apnay ghar ko baby k liay prepare ker sakain.ya shahid aap projects ko tackle kerna chahain gi laikin aap ko aisa kernay ka time nahi milay ga,like apnay garage ya closets ko organize kerna.

Jaisay hi aap ki due date close ho gi aap khud ko cupboards clean kertay huay ya phir walls wash kertay huay payain gi—wo cheezain jo aap ninth month of pregnancy me kerna ka imagine bhi nahi ker saktien!ye ghar ko prepare kernay ki desire usefull hai because ye aap ko birth k bahd apnay baby ko zayada recover kernay aur nurture kernay ka time day ga.but be careful les ko zayada mat kerain.

     Q  Did you know

"Nesting Instinct"--home ko baby k arrival se pelhay clean aur decorate kernay ki urge—ye koi myth nahi hai.ye aam torr per delivery se thora pelhay strongest ho jaati hai!

2. Inability to Concentrate

first trimester me,fatigue aur morning sickness kaheen women ko exhausted aur mentally fuzzy feel kera sakti hen.laikin well-rested women bhi inability to concentrate aur periods of forgetfulness experience kerti hai.baby k saath preoccupation partially es ka cause hai,hormonal changes bhi.her cheez—jis me work, bills, aur doctor appointments—ye sub baby aur impending birth se less important nazer ayain gi.aap es forgetfulness se combat ker sakti hen ager aap in sub dates aur appointments ko yaad rukhnay k liay aik list bunna lain.

3. Mood Swings

Premenstrual syndrome aur pregnancy kaheen tara se aik jaisay hen,aap ki breasts sweel hoti hen aur wo soft ho jaati hen,aap k hormones fluctuate kertay hen,aur aap moody feel kertay hen.ager aap premenstrual syndrome suffer kertay hen,aap ko aur bhi zayada severe swings pregnancy me hoon gay.ye aap ko aik minute me happy feel kerayain gay aur doseray hi minute aap cry kerna shoru ker dain gay.aap aik din irrationally angry hoon gi apnay partner se,phir aglay din aap ka coworker aap ko inexplicably irritate ker sakta hai.

Mood swings pregnancy me incredibly common hen,although ye first trimester me aur third trimester k end per more frequently occure hootay hen.

About 10% women pregnancy me depression experience kerti hen.ager aap me symptoms hain sleep disturbance ki,changing in eating habbit ki(bhookh ka bilkul bhi na lagna ya phir zayada eat kerna),aur 2 week se zayada exaggerated mood swings tu aap ko zuroor apni doctor se baat kerni chahiay.

Unexpected Effects of Pregnancy:

4. Bra Size

Pregnancy ki first signs me breast size ka increase honna bhi shamil hai. estrogen and progesterone hormones ka level increase honnay ki waja se first trimester me usually breasts large aur swollen ho jaati hen,breast growth first trimester me koi end nahi ho jaati---aap ki breasts poori pregnancy me grow kernna jaari rukhti hen!

Aap k breast size k saath,aap ka bra size bhi aap k rib cage se effect ho sakta hai.jab aap pregnant hoon tu aap ki lung capacity bhi increase ho jaati hai aur aap khud k liay aur apnay baby k liay extra oxygen intake kerti hen,jis ka result aap ka bigger chest size hoota hai.aap ko apni bras kaheen bar pregnancy me change kernay ki zuroorat perhay gi.

5. Skin

kiya aap k frients ap ko kah rahay hen k aap per pregnancy glow nazer aata hai?ye bhi un changes me se aik hai jo aap hormonal changes aur body k stretch honnay ki waja se  pregnancy me experience kerti hen.pregnant woment ka blood volume bhi increase hoota hai takay wo uterus ko extra blood flow provide ker sakay aur fetus ki metabolic needs ko bhi poora ker sakay.un ka blood volume doseray organs me bhi increase ho jaata hai khaas torr per kidneys me.greater blood volume vessels me zayada blood laata hai aur oil glands ki secretions bhi increase hooti hen.

Kuch women brownish ya yellowish patches bhi develop kerti hen jin ko chloasma kahtay hen,ya phir un k faces per 'mask of pregnancy" .aur kuch lower abdomen ki midline per aik dark line bhi notice kerti hen,jis ko linea nigra (or linea negra) kahtay hen,aur es k saath hi nipples, external genitalia, aur anal region ki hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) bhi.ye pregnancy hormones k results hen,jo k body me aur bhi zayada pigmentation production cause kertay hen.body ye increased pigments evenly produce nahi kerti,however ye darkening skin colored splotches ki tara appear hooti hai. Unfortunately, chloasma ko rooka nahi jaa sakta but sunscreen use kernay se aur UV light ko avoid kernay se ye minimize hoo saktay hen.

Acne pregnancy me common hai because skin k sebaceous glands oil production ko increase ker daitay hen.aur sirf newly formed pimples hi nahi aap ki skin per spots choortay---wo moles aur freckles jo already hootay hen wo biger aur darker hoo jatay hen.even areola,nipples k around area bhi darker hoo jaata hai.darkening of areola jo k permanent hai k ilawa baki sari changes birth k bahud disappear ho jaati hen.bahot sari women heat rash bhi experience kerti hen jo k pregnancy me dampness aur perspiration ki waja se hoota hai.

In general pregnancy women k liay aik itchy time hoota hai.abdomen per Skin stretching itchiness aur flaking cause kerti hai.aap ka doctor aap ko dry aur itchy skin ko soothe kernay k liay creams recommend keray ga.

6. Hair and Nails

bahot sari women pregnancy k doraan hair texture aur growth me changes experience kerti hen.aap ki body se secrete honay walay hormones aap k hairs ki growth faster kertay hen aur un ka less fall kertay hen.laikin ye changes usually permanent nahi hen;bahot sari women postpartum period aur breastfeeding stop kernay k bahd hairs ki significant amount lose kerti hen.

Kuch women k unwanted places per bhi hairs grow kerna shoru ker ditay hen,jaisay k face,belly ya nipples k around.doseri hair texture me change experience kerti hen jo k hairs ko drier ya oilier bunna daiti hai.even kuch women ka hair color bhi change ho jaata hai.

Nails bhi hairs ki tata noticeably change hootay hen.extra hormones un ki growth faster kertay hen aur un ko stronger kertay hen.kuch women ye bhi kahti hen k opregnancy me un k nails splitting aur breaking aur bhi zayada ho gayi hai.hair me changes ki tara nail ki changes bhi permanent nahi hotien.ager aap k nails pregnancy me zayada split aur tear hootay hen tu un ko trim ker k rukhain aur nail polish aur nail polish remover me chemicals ko avoid kerain.

    Q  Did you know

"Hair and Nails"---Aap k hairs aur nails pregnancy me faster grow kertay hen so apnay extra hormones ko thanks kerain!

7. Shoe Size

even though aap tu apnay kisi pregnancy cloth me bhi fit nahi ho pa rahien,aur aap k shoes ki baat kerain tu in k saath bhi kuch aisa hi hai?----ho bhi sakta hai aur nahi bhi ho sakta.kuin k ye sub aap ki pregnant body me extra fluids ki waja se hai,bahot sari women apnay feet me swelling experience kerti hen aur large size shoes wera kerna start ker daiti hen.larg size k shoes per slip wear kerna pregnant women k liay zayada comfortable hoota hai,khaas torr per summer months me.

    Q  Did you know

"Shoe Size" ---Fluid retention app k shoe size ko 1 ya 2 barha daita hai-aur aap k feet birth k bahd bhi aik size larger hi rahtay hen!

8. Joint Mobility

pregnancy k doraan aap ki body aik hormone produce kerti hai jis ko relaxin kahtay hen,aur ye believe kiya jaata hai k ye hormone pubic area aur cervix ko birth k liay prepare kerta hai.relaxin aap ki boduy me ligaments ko loose ker daita hai,kam stable kerta aur injury ki zayada tendency ho jaati hai.aap ko overstretch aur strain kerna bahot easy ho ga,khaas torr per lower back,pelvis aur knees k joints ko.jab exercise ker rahi hoon tu movemrnts slow kerain aur sudden aur jerky movements ko avoid kerain.

9. Varicose Veins, Hemorrhoids, and Constipation

varicose veins jo k usually legs aur genital areas me hooti hen,jab in me blood pool kerta hai tu pregnancy hormones ki waja se ye enlarge ho jati hen.varicose veins aften pregnancy k bahd disappear ho jaati hen,laikin aap in ko lesson ker sakti hen.

·             Zayada time sitting aur standing se avoid kertay huay.

·             Loose fiting cloths wear ker k.

·             Support hose wear ker k.

·             Siting me apnay feet ko elevate ker k.

Hemorrhoids—varicose veins jo k rectum me hooti hen—pregnancy me frequently occure hooti hen.because aap ka blood volume increase ho chooka hai aur uterus aap ki pelvis per pressure insert kerti hai,rectum me app ki veins grape-like clusters ki tara enlarge ho jaati hen. Hemorrhoids extremely painfull bhi ho sakti hen,aur ye bleed,itch aur sting bhi ker sakti hen especially bowel movement se pelhay ya bahd me aur ye constipation se couple ho jaati hen aur aik aur woe pregnancy k baray me ye hai k hemaroids bathroom going ko unpleasant bunna daiti hen.

Throughout pregnancy constipation common hai because pregnancy hormones gastrointestinal tract se food passing ko slow bunna daitay hen.pregnancy ki later stages me,aap ki uterus large intestine k against push ho sakti hai aur waste elimination ko difficult bunna sakti hai aur constipation hemorrhoids ko bhi contribute kerti hai because zayada strain se rectum ki veins enlarge hoo jaati hen.

constipation aur hemorrhoids ko prevent kernay ka best way fiber-rich diet eat kerna aur daily plenty of fluids drink kerna hai aur exercises bowel movements ko regular rukhti hen. Stool softeners (not laxatives) bhi kafi help kertay hen.ager aap ko hemorrhoids hen tu apni doctor ko check kerayain aur in ko shrink kernay k liay cream ya ointment lain.

Birth Day Surprises

10. Things That Will Come Out of Your Body

tu aap ne ager mood swings aur hemorrhoids ko survive ker liya hai,aur aap ye soochti hen k surprises over ho gaye hen.again guess kerain—birth day aap k liay biggest surprise rukhta hai.

Sirf 1 se 10 mothers me water break labor contractions se pelhay begin hoota hai.kuch women es ko experience nahi kertien---jab wo hospital aatay hen tu  doctor ko amniotic sac ko rupture kernay ki zuroorat ho gi(ager cervix pelhay se hi dilated hai tu).ap kitna water uss se expect kerain gi?aik full term baby k liay normally about 2.1 to 5.9 cups (500 to 1400 milliliters) amniotic fluid hoota hai.kuch women aik intense urge feel kerti henurinate kernay ki jo k amniotic fluid ka body se outburst cause kerta hai jab water break hoota hai.aur kuch doseri women ko un ki legs se down aik trickling sensation hooti hai jab water break kerta hai because baby ka head fluid ki leakage me aik stopper ka kaam kerta hai.kisi bhi case me amniotic fluid generally sweet-smelling aur pale ya colorless hoota hai aur her three hours me aap ki body se replace hoota hai so aap es baat se surprise na hoon ager aap delivery tak aik hour me aik cup fluid ka leak kerti hen.

Doseri unexpected things bhi aap ki body se baby,blood,amniotic fluid k saath bahir aah sakti hen.kuch women nausea aur vomiting experience kerti hen.kuch doseri diarrhea labor k doraan ya labor se pelhay,aur flatulence (passing gas) bhi common hai.labor ki pushing phase me aap apnay bladder ya bowels ka control bhi lose ker sakti hen.birth plan khaas torr per kafi helpful ho ga aap ko ap ki wishes health care provider se communicate kernay k liay k aap delivery aur labor me kis tara in aur doseri kaheen discomforts ko handle ker sakti hen.

Jab aap aik bar pregnant hoon tu bahot saray surprises han---laikin ye saray surprises uss se zayada sweeter nahi hoon gay jis tara aap apnay haath me newborn ki presence ko feel kerain gi!

Next topic: A Guide For First-Time Parents…..

A Guide For First-Time Parents

A Guide for First-Time Parents

Aap ne 9 month pregnancy survive ki hai.aap ne ye sub labor aur delivery ki excitement se hasil kiya hai aur ab aap ghar ko head krnay aur apnay newborn k saath life shoru kernay k liay ready hen.ghar me ah ker aap bahot zayada ye realize kerain gi k aap ko koi idea nahi hai k aap kiya ker rahi hen!

In tips ko read ker k aap ko help milay gi aur ager aap first time parent hen tu aap apnay newborn ki care kertay huay confident feel kerain gi.

--

--

es baray me apni friends aur family se help jamma kerna aap ko excite aur hayraan bhi ker day ga.hospital me apnay ird gird expertise ko use kerain.bahot saray hospitals me feeding specialists aur lactation consultants jo aap ko nursing aur bottle fedding start keranay me help ker saktay hen.in addition nurses aik great resource hen ye batanay k liay k aap baby ko kaisay hold, burp, change ker sakti hen aur uss ki kaisay care ker sakti hen.

Ghar ki help k liay aap baby nurse ko bhi hire ker sakti hen.in addition friends aur relatives bhi great source hoon gay.wo aap ki zayada achi help kerain gay but aap un ki kuch baatoon se ikhtalaaf bhi kerain gi laikin un k experience ko dismiss mat kerain aur ager aap nahi chahtien k guest aap ko visit kerain tu visitors ko restrict kernay me guilty feel mat kerain.

--

Ager aap ne newborns k around zayada time spend nahi kiya tu delicate newborns aap ko frighten ker saktay hen.yahaan kuch basics likhay gaye hen un ko yaad rukhain:

• baby k head aur neck k nichay haath rukhain jab aap uss ko carry kerti hen aur uss k head ko achi tara support kerain jab aap uss ko upright uuthati ya phir laitati hen tu.  
• Baby ko kabhi bhi shake mat kerain because ye uss k brain se bleeding cause ker sakta hai aur even us ski death bhi.ager aap apnay infant ko wake kernna chahti hen tu uss ko shake mat kerain---instead,baby k feet ko tickle kerain ya phir gently uss k cheeks per blow kerain.
• ye yaqeen ker lain k aap ka baby carrier,stroller ya phir car seat per securely fasten hai.
• aap ka baby kisi rough play me involve tu nahi hai jaisay k knees per chalna ya phir uss ko air me throw kerna etc.

--

Bonding probably infant care ka aik pleasurable aspects hai ye birth k bahd sensitive time first hour me ya phir birth k bahd k days me hoota hai jab parents apnay infant k saath deep connection bunna laitay hen.physical closeness aik emotional connection bunna daiti hai.

Infants k liay attachment un ki emotional growth kerti hai aur doseray areas me us ski development ko bhi affect kerti hai jaisay k physical growth.bonding ka aik aur way apnay k saath bahot zayaada pyar kernna hai.children apni life me parent ya adult ki presence me jo uss se unconditional love keray kafi thrive hootay hen.

Bonding ko begin kerain apnay baby ko cradle ker k aur uss ko different paterns me gently stroke ker k.ap aur aap ka partner dono es skin-to-skin honnay ki opportunity ko lay saktay hen,apnay newborn ko cradling aur feeding k doraan apni skin k against hold ker k.

Babies khaas torr per premature aur wo jin ko medical problems hoon,infant massage ko respond kertay hen.however—remember babies adult ki tara strong nahi hootay so un ko gently massage kerain.

Babies aam torr per vocal sounds se loe kertay hen like talking, babbling, singing aur cooing.aap ka baby light music se bhi love ker sakta hai. Baby rattles aur musical mobiles doseray ways hen apnay baby kay hearing ko stimulate kernay k.

Kuch babies touch, light, aur sound k sensitive hootay hen aur easily crying shoru ker daitay hen aur aap jitna expect kerti hen uss se less sleep kertay hen,apnay faces ko turn ker laitay hen jab aap sing aur speak kertay hen so noise aur light ka level moderate rukhain.

Swaddling aik aur soothing technique hai jo k aap k baby arms ko body k close rukhti hai aur legs ko aik saath rukhti hai.ye sirf baby ko warm hi nahi rukhti balkay surrounding pressure aap k baby ko aik sense of security aur comfort daita hai. Swaddling kuch babies k liay first few weeks me acha qaam kerti hai.

Nichay likha gaya hai k baby ko kaisay swaddle kertay hen.

·       Receiving blanket ko spread kerain aur es ko aik corner se slightly fold ker dain.

·       Baby ko carefully head aur neck k nichay support kertay huay aur uss k head ko folded corner per rukhtay huay laita dain.

·       Blanket k left corner ko baby ki body per left arm k nichay se guzartay huay wrap kerain.

·       Bottom corner ko baby k feet per layain aur phir face tak lay jayain,fabric ko thora nichay fold kerain ager wo face per ho tu.

·       Right corner ko baby k around wrap kerain,aur es ko baby k back k under tuck kerain jab k sirf head aur neck exposed hoon.

--

Aap ko baby ko ghar laanay se pelhay ye sooch lana chahiay k kiya aap baby k liay cloths use kerain gi ya phir disposable diapers.jo kuch bhi use kerain aap ka baby din me 10 times diaper ko dirty keray ga aur aik week me about 70 times.

Baby ko diaper kertay huay ye mind me rukhain k sub supples aap ki reach me hoon so aap ko apnay baby ko changing table per unattending nahi choorna chahiay.aap ko zuroorat ho gi:

·       Aik clean diaper ki

·       Aik fastener ki ager aap cloth use ker rahi hen tu.

·       diaper ointment ager baby ko rash hai tu.

·       Aik warm water ka container.

·       clean washcloth, diaper wipes, aur cotton balls

her bowel movement k bahd ya phir jab diaper wet ho jaye,pnay baby ko us ski back per laitayain aur dirty diaper ko remove kerain. water, cotton balls, aur washcloth ya wipes ko use ker k apnay baby k gental area ko clean kernay k liay wipe kerain. gently wipe.jab boy ka diaper remove ker rahi hoon tu es ko carefully kerain because air exposure per aap ka boy urinater ker sakta hai,aik girl ko wipe kertay waqt uss k bottom ko front se back tak wipe kerain takay wo urinary track infection se bach sakay.rashes ko roknay ya khatum kernay k liay ointment apply kerain.always remember apnay hands ko diapering kernay k bahd achi tara wash ker lain.

Diaper rash aik common concern hai. Typically red aur bumpy hoti hai,aur kuch days me warm wash se chali jaati hai,kuch diaper creams aur little time diaper use na kerna es ko khatum ker daitay hen.most rashes tab occure hootay hen jab baby ki skin baot sensitive hooti ho aur wet aur porry diaper se irritate ho jaati hai.

Diaper rash ko prevent kernay aur esay heel kernay k liay ye tips use kerain.

·       Apnay baby ka diaper her bowel movements k bahd jitna jaldi hoo sakay change ker dain.

·       Mild soap aur water ya wipe se area wash kernay k bahd diaper rash ya phir barrier cream apply kerain.creams zinc oxide k saath perafer ki jaati hen because ye moisture ko barrier provide kerti hen.

·       Ager aap cloth diapers use kerti hen tu uss ko dye aur fragrance free detergents se wash kerain.

·       Din k kuch part me baby ko undiapered choor dain takay skin ko air out honnay ka chance milay.

Ager diaper rash 3 days se zayada continue rahay aur worse hoota hua dekhayi day tu aap doctor se contact kerain---ye fungal infection bhi hoo sakta hai jis ko prescription require hooti hai.

--

Aap ko apnay baby ko sponge bath daini hoo gi jab tak:

·       Jab tak umbilical falls off na ho jaye(1–4 weeks)

·       Jab tak circumcision heal na ho jaye(1–2 weeks)

·       Jab tak naval completely heal na ho jaye (1–4 weeks)

Aap ko first year 2 ya 3 times per wek bathing kerni ho gi.

Aap ko apnay baby ki bathing kernay k liay in items ki zuroorat ho gi.

·       Aik soft, clean washcloth

·       mild, unscented baby soap aur shampoo

·       aik soft brush baby ki scalp ko stimulate kernay k liay.

·       towels ya blankets

·       aik infant tub 2 se 3 inches warm water k saath—lakin hot nahi!---water ka temperature test kernay k liay aap es ko apni elbow ya wrist per touch ker k dekhain.aik infant tub plastic tub hoota hai jo k bath tub me fit ah sakta hai aur jis me baby better fitt aata hai aur bath time ko manage kernna easier kerta hai.

·       Aik clean diaper

·       Clean cloths

Sponge baths:spoonge bath k liay ai warm room aur flat surface select kerain,jaisa k aik changing table,floor ya phir counter etc.apnay baby ko undress kerain.apnay infant ki eyes ko uss washcloth se wash kerain jo k sirf water se dampen ho.aik eye se start ker k inner corner se outer corner ki teruf wipe kerain.phir washcloth ka dosera corner use ker k second eye ko wash kerain.washcloth se apnay baby k nose aur ears ko clean kerain.phir cloth ko wet kerain aur saath thora soap bhi use kerain,es k face ko gently wash kerain aur es ko dry hoonay k liay pat kerain.phir baby shampoo use kerain aur phir soft brush use ker k us ski scalp ko stimulate kerain phir gently apnay baby ka head apnay hands se stmulate ker ker k rinse kerain.aik wet cloth aur soap use ker k baki body ko bhi gently wash kerain aur arms k under,neck k around,ears k pichay  aur genital areas per special attention pay kerain.aik bar aap ne un areas ko wash ker diya hai tu un ko dry ker lain aur phir baby ko dress ker dain.

Tub baths: jab aap ka baby tab baths k liay ready ho tu first baths gentle aur brief hoonay chahiyain.ager woe s se upset hoot u phir se aik week ya 2 spoonge bath kerain,phir bath ko again try kerain.

Baby ko undress ker k immediately water me rukh dain,aik warm room me,chills se prevent kernay k liay.ye baat sure ker lain k water tab me 2 se 3 inches se zayada deep na hoo,aur water tab me run bhi na ker raha ho tab se.aik haan ko baby ko head se support kernay k liay use kerain aur doseray se baby ko feet-first me guide krain.gently speak kerain aur baby ko chest se slowly lower kerain tub me.aik wash cloth use kerain uss k hairs aur face ko wash kernay k liay.apnay fingers k pads se apnay baby ki scalp ko gently massage kerain ya phir soft hair brush se.head k top per soft area ko includw kertay huay.jab aap baby ko shampoo ya soap se rinse kerain tu uss k forehead per haath rukhain takay soap us ski eyes me jannay ki bajaye sides per jaye.phir baby ki baki body ko gently water aur soap ki small amount se wash kerain.bathing k doraan regularly apnay baby ki body per water pour kerti rahaan so that us ski body cold na hoo.bathing k bahd baby ko immediately towel me fold kerain,ye sure kerain k uss ka head cover ho.baby towel hoods k saath freshly washed baby ko warm rukhnay k liay great hai.

Jab aap apnay baby ko bath ker rahi hoon tu uss ko bilkul bhi alone mat choorain.ager aap ko bathroom choornay ki zuroorat ho tu baby ko towel me wrap ker k saath lay jayain.

--

Circumcision k immediately bahd,usually penis ki tip ko petroleum jelly se coated guaze se cover kiya jaata.takay ye diaper se stick na ho.gently diaper change kertay time tip ko warm water k saath clean kerain,phir penis ki tip per petroleum jelly apply kerain.redness ya irritation kuch din me heal ho sakti hai.but ager redness aur swelling zayada increase ho jaye ya phir pus-filled blisters bun jayain,infection present ho sakta hai tu aap ko immediately baby k doctor ko call kerni chahiay.

Umbilical cord care newborns me bhi important hooti hai.kuch doctors suggest kertay hen k area per cord stump k dry hoonay tak alcohol rub kerain,usually 10 se 3 weeks tak but kuch doctors es ko aisay hi kuch apply kiay binna choor dainay ka mashwera daitay hen.apni doctor se es matter me baat kerain k wo kiya kahti hai.infant naval area ko water me tab tak submerge nahi kernna chahiay jab tak stump fall na ho jaye aur area heal na ho jaye.stump girnay se pelhay apna colr yellow se brown ya black me change ker laiti hai---ye normal hai.apnay doctor se consult kerain ager naval area red ho raha ho aur es se foul odor ya phir discharge develop ho raha ho.

--

Aap apnay baby ko bottle se feed kerti hoon ya breast se,tu aap confuse hoon gi k ye aap kitni bar kiya kerain but ye recommend kiya jaata hai k babies ko un ki demand per feed kerain---jab wo hungry dekhayi dain.ye aap ko baby ki crying se,uss fingers ko mouth me dalnay se ya phir sucking noises produce kernay se paata chal sakta hai k wo hungry hai.

Aik newborn baby ko 2 se 3 hours tak feef kerna chahiay.ager aap baby ko breastfeed kerti hoon tu apnay baby ko chance dain k wo her breast se 10-15 minutes feed keray.ager aap formula feedingker rahi hen tu phir aap ka baby her feeding per 2–3 ounces (60–90 milliliters)take keray ga.

Kuch babies ko few hours k liay jagaye rukhna perhta hai takay ye sure hoo k uss ne enough eat ker liya hai.apnay doctor ko cal kerain ager aap ka baby sucking aur eating me interested na ho aur ussko bar bar awake kerna perhay.

Ager aap formula feed ker rahi hen tu aap easily moniter ker sakti hen k kiya aap ka baby enough eat ker raha hai,but ager breastfeed hai tu ye little trickier ho ga.ager aap ka baby satisfied nazer ah raha ho aur 26 wet diapers produce ker raha ho aur saath hi din me kaheen stools,achi tata sleep ker raha ho aur regularly weight gain ker raha ho tu wo achi tara enough eat ker raha hai.apni doctor se baby k feeding schedule  aur growth concerns k baray me zuroor baat kerain.

Babies aam torr per feeding k doraan aik swallow kertay hen,aur ko baby ko es air ko remove kernay k liay us ski burping kerni hooti hai.ager aap baby ko bottle feed ker rahi hen tu baby ko her 2 to 3 ounces (60–90 milliliters) k bahd burp kerain aur her bar breasts ko switch kerain ager aap ussaybreast feed keraa rahi hoon.ager aap ka baby gassy ho raha ho ya phir uss ko gastroesophageal reflux hoon tu aap uss ko bottle-feeding me her ounce k bahd aur breastfeeding me her 5 minutes k bahd burp kerain.

burping strategies ye haan:

• Apnay baby ko upright hold kerain aur uss ka head apnay shoulders per rukhain.apnay baby k head aur back ko support kerain aur doseray hand se uss k back ko pat kerain.
• Apni lap per baby ko beithayain,apnay baby ki chest aur head ko aik hand e support kerain aur hand ki palm se baby ki chin ko paakerain,apnay hand ki heal apnay baby ki chest per rukhain(be carefull baby ki chin ko grip kerain---uss k throat ko nahi).baby ki back ko pat kernay k liay dosera hand use kerain.
• Apnay baby k face ko down apni lap per lay kerain.apnay baby ka head support kerain,ye sure ker lin k uss ka head us ski chest se higher ho,aur gently uss k back ko pat ya rb kerain.

Ager aap ka baby kuch minute k bahd burp na keray,baby ki position ko change kerain tu uss ko again feeding se pelhay burp kerain.humesha apnay baby ko feeding time over hoonay se pelhay burp kerain phir uss ko at least 10-15 minute upright position me rukhain so that wo spitting na keray.--

Sleeping Basics

As new parent,aap surprise hoon gi k aap ka baby jis ko din k her minute me aap ki zuroorat hai,actually about 16 hours ya zayada sleep kerta hai!newborns typically 3-4 hours k periods k liay sleep kertay hen.uss se night sleep expect na kerain—baby ka digestive system itna small hoota hai k un ko every few hours nourishment ki zuroorat hooti hai aur un ko awake kernna chahiay ager unhoon ne 5 hours tak kuch na fed kiya ho(uss k weight gain concern k baray me doctor se zuroor baat kerain).

Ap apnay baby se night k time kab sleep expect ker sakti hen 3 months ki age me bahot saray babies raat ko 6-8 hours k dermayaan sleep kertay hen.ager aap ka baby aisa nahi kerta tu koi baat nahi.adults ki tara babies bhi apnay sleep patterns aur cycles develop kertay hen,ager aap ka baby healthy hai aur weight bhi gain ker raha hai tu aap ko despair honnay ki koi zurorat nahi hai wo 3 months me raat ko nahi sleep kerta.

Ye important hai k babies ko un ki backs per sleep keraya jaye jis se sudden nfant death syndrome k risk ko reduce kiya ja sakta hai.in addition saray fluffy bedding, quilts, sheepskins, stuffed animals, aur pillows ko crib se remove ker dain takay aap ka baby un per tangled na ho aur wo suffocate bhi feel na kertay.

Even aap baby ko handle kernay me anxious feel kerain gi,start k kuch weeks me aap routine develop ker lain gi.ager aap k pass questions aur concerns hoon tu doctor se poochain wo aap ko resources recommend keray gi,jo aap ko aur aap k baby ko together grow kernay me hlp kerain gay.

a guide or first time parents

A Guide for First-Time Parents

Aap ne 9 month pregnancy survive ki hai.aap ne ye sub labor aur delivery ki excitement se hasil kiya hai aur ab aap ghar ko head krnay aur apnay newborn k saath life shoru kernay k liay ready hen.ghar me ah ker aap bahot zayada ye realize kerain gi k aap ko koi idea nahi hai k aap kiya ker rahi hen!

In tips ko read ker k aap ko help milay gi aur ager aap first time parent hen tu aap apnay newborn ki care kertay huay confident feel kerain gi.

--

--

es baray me apni friends aur family se help jamma kerna aap ko excite aur hayraan bhi ker day ga.hospital me apnay ird gird expertise ko use kerain.bahot saray hospitals me feeding specialists aur lactation consultants jo aap ko nursing aur bottle fedding start keranay me help ker saktay hen.in addition nurses aik great resource hen ye batanay k liay k aap baby ko kaisay hold, burp, change ker sakti hen aur uss ki kaisay care ker sakti hen.

Ghar ki help k liay aap baby nurse ko bhi hire ker sakti hen.in addition friends aur relatives bhi great source hoon gay.wo aap ki zayada achi help kerain gay but aap un ki kuch baatoon se ikhtalaaf bhi kerain gi laikin un k experience ko dismiss mat kerain aur ager aap nahi chahtien k guest aap ko visit kerain tu visitors ko restrict kernay me guilty feel mat kerain.

--

Ager aap ne newborns k around zayada time spend nahi kiya tu delicate newborns aap ko frighten ker saktay hen.yahaan kuch basics likhay gaye hen un ko yaad rukhain:

• baby k head aur neck k nichay haath rukhain jab aap uss ko carry kerti hen aur uss k head ko achi tara support kerain jab aap uss ko upright uuthati ya phir laitati hen tu.  
• Baby ko kabhi bhi shake mat kerain because ye uss k brain se bleeding cause ker sakta hai aur even us ski death bhi.ager aap apnay infant ko wake kernna chahti hen tu uss ko shake mat kerain---instead,baby k feet ko tickle kerain ya phir gently uss k cheeks per blow kerain.
• ye yaqeen ker lain k aap ka baby carrier,stroller ya phir car seat per securely fasten hai.
• aap ka baby kisi rough play me involve tu nahi hai jaisay k knees per chalna ya phir uss ko air me throw kerna etc.

--

Bonding probably infant care ka aik pleasurable aspects hai ye birth k bahd sensitive time first hour me ya phir birth k bahd k days me hoota hai jab parents apnay infant k saath deep connection bunna laitay hen.physical closeness aik emotional connection bunna daiti hai.

Infants k liay attachment un ki emotional growth kerti hai aur doseray areas me us ski development ko bhi affect kerti hai jaisay k physical growth.bonding ka aik aur way apnay k saath bahot zayaada pyar kernna hai.children apni life me parent ya adult ki presence me jo uss se unconditional love keray kafi thrive hootay hen.

Bonding ko begin kerain apnay baby ko cradle ker k aur uss ko different paterns me gently stroke ker k.ap aur aap ka partner dono es skin-to-skin honnay ki opportunity ko lay saktay hen,apnay newborn ko cradling aur feeding k doraan apni skin k against hold ker k.

Babies khaas torr per premature aur wo jin ko medical problems hoon,infant massage ko respond kertay hen.however—remember babies adult ki tara strong nahi hootay so un ko gently massage kerain.

Babies aam torr per vocal sounds se loe kertay hen like talking, babbling, singing aur cooing.aap ka baby light music se bhi love ker sakta hai. Baby rattles aur musical mobiles doseray ways hen apnay baby kay hearing ko stimulate kernay k.

Kuch babies touch, light, aur sound k sensitive hootay hen aur easily crying shoru ker daitay hen aur aap jitna expect kerti hen uss se less sleep kertay hen,apnay faces ko turn ker laitay hen jab aap sing aur speak kertay hen so noise aur light ka level moderate rukhain.

Swaddling aik aur soothing technique hai jo k aap k baby arms ko body k close rukhti hai aur legs ko aik saath rukhti hai.ye sirf baby ko warm hi nahi rukhti balkay surrounding pressure aap k baby ko aik sense of security aur comfort daita hai. Swaddling kuch babies k liay first few weeks me acha qaam kerti hai.

Nichay likha gaya hai k baby ko kaisay swaddle kertay hen.

·       Receiving blanket ko spread kerain aur es ko aik corner se slightly fold ker dain.

·       Baby ko carefully head aur neck k nichay support kertay huay aur uss k head ko folded corner per rukhtay huay laita dain.

·       Blanket k left corner ko baby ki body per left arm k nichay se guzartay huay wrap kerain.

·       Bottom corner ko baby k feet per layain aur phir face tak lay jayain,fabric ko thora nichay fold kerain ager wo face per ho tu.

·       Right corner ko baby k around wrap kerain,aur es ko baby k back k under tuck kerain jab k sirf head aur neck exposed hoon.

--

Aap ko baby ko ghar laanay se pelhay ye sooch lana chahiay k kiya aap baby k liay cloths use kerain gi ya phir disposable diapers.jo kuch bhi use kerain aap ka baby din me 10 times diaper ko dirty keray ga aur aik week me about 70 times.

Baby ko diaper kertay huay ye mind me rukhain k sub supples aap ki reach me hoon so aap ko apnay baby ko changing table per unattending nahi choorna chahiay.aap ko zuroorat ho gi:

·       Aik clean diaper ki

·       Aik fastener ki ager aap cloth use ker rahi hen tu.

·       diaper ointment ager baby ko rash hai tu.

·       Aik warm water ka container.

·       clean washcloth, diaper wipes, aur cotton balls

her bowel movement k bahd ya phir jab diaper wet ho jaye,pnay baby ko us ski back per laitayain aur dirty diaper ko remove kerain. water, cotton balls, aur washcloth ya wipes ko use ker k apnay baby k gental area ko clean kernay k liay wipe kerain. gently wipe.jab boy ka diaper remove ker rahi hoon tu es ko carefully kerain because air exposure per aap ka boy urinater ker sakta hai,aik girl ko wipe kertay waqt uss k bottom ko front se back tak wipe kerain takay wo urinary track infection se bach sakay.rashes ko roknay ya khatum kernay k liay ointment apply kerain.always remember apnay hands ko diapering kernay k bahd achi tara wash ker lain.

Diaper rash aik common concern hai. Typically red aur bumpy hoti hai,aur kuch days me warm wash se chali jaati hai,kuch diaper creams aur little time diaper use na kerna es ko khatum ker daitay hen.most rashes tab occure hootay hen jab baby ki skin baot sensitive hooti ho aur wet aur porry diaper se irritate ho jaati hai.

Diaper rash ko prevent kernay aur esay heel kernay k liay ye tips use kerain.

·       Apnay baby ka diaper her bowel movements k bahd jitna jaldi hoo sakay change ker dain.

·       Mild soap aur water ya wipe se area wash kernay k bahd diaper rash ya phir barrier cream apply kerain.creams zinc oxide k saath perafer ki jaati hen because ye moisture ko barrier provide kerti hen.

·       Ager aap cloth diapers use kerti hen tu uss ko dye aur fragrance free detergents se wash kerain.

·       Din k kuch part me baby ko undiapered choor dain takay skin ko air out honnay ka chance milay.

Ager diaper rash 3 days se zayada continue rahay aur worse hoota hua dekhayi day tu aap doctor se contact kerain---ye fungal infection bhi hoo sakta hai jis ko prescription require hooti hai.

--

Aap ko apnay baby ko sponge bath daini hoo gi jab tak:

·       Jab tak umbilical falls off na ho jaye(1–4 weeks)

·       Jab tak circumcision heal na ho jaye(1–2 weeks)

·       Jab tak naval completely heal na ho jaye (1–4 weeks)

Aap ko first year 2 ya 3 times per wek bathing kerni ho gi.

Aap ko apnay baby ki bathing kernay k liay in items ki zuroorat ho gi.

·       Aik soft, clean washcloth

·       mild, unscented baby soap aur shampoo

·       aik soft brush baby ki scalp ko stimulate kernay k liay.

·       towels ya blankets

·       aik infant tub 2 se 3 inches warm water k saath—lakin hot nahi!---water ka temperature test kernay k liay aap es ko apni elbow ya wrist per touch ker k dekhain.aik infant tub plastic tub hoota hai jo k bath tub me fit ah sakta hai aur jis me baby better fitt aata hai aur bath time ko manage kernna easier kerta hai.

·       Aik clean diaper

·       Clean cloths

Sponge baths:spoonge bath k liay ai warm room aur flat surface select kerain,jaisa k aik changing table,floor ya phir counter etc.apnay baby ko undress kerain.apnay infant ki eyes ko uss washcloth se wash kerain jo k sirf water se dampen ho.aik eye se start ker k inner corner se outer corner ki teruf wipe kerain.phir washcloth ka dosera corner use ker k second eye ko wash kerain.washcloth se apnay baby k nose aur ears ko clean kerain.phir cloth ko wet kerain aur saath thora soap bhi use kerain,es k face ko gently wash kerain aur es ko dry hoonay k liay pat kerain.phir baby shampoo use kerain aur phir soft brush use ker k us ski scalp ko stimulate kerain phir gently apnay baby ka head apnay hands se stmulate ker ker k rinse kerain.aik wet cloth aur soap use ker k baki body ko bhi gently wash kerain aur arms k under,neck k around,ears k pichay  aur genital areas per special attention pay kerain.aik bar aap ne un areas ko wash ker diya hai tu un ko dry ker lain aur phir baby ko dress ker dain.

Tub baths: jab aap ka baby tab baths k liay ready ho tu first baths gentle aur brief hoonay chahiyain.ager woe s se upset hoot u phir se aik week ya 2 spoonge bath kerain,phir bath ko again try kerain.

Baby ko undress ker k immediately water me rukh dain,aik warm room me,chills se prevent kernay k liay.ye baat sure ker lain k water tab me 2 se 3 inches se zayada deep na hoo,aur water tab me run bhi na ker raha ho tab se.aik haan ko baby ko head se support kernay k liay use kerain aur doseray se baby ko feet-first me guide krain.gently speak kerain aur baby ko chest se slowly lower kerain tub me.aik wash cloth use kerain uss k hairs aur face ko wash kernay k liay.apnay fingers k pads se apnay baby ki scalp ko gently massage kerain ya phir soft hair brush se.head k top per soft area ko includw kertay huay.jab aap baby ko shampoo ya soap se rinse kerain tu uss k forehead per haath rukhain takay soap us ski eyes me jannay ki bajaye sides per jaye.phir baby ki baki body ko gently water aur soap ki small amount se wash kerain.bathing k doraan regularly apnay baby ki body per water pour kerti rahaan so that us ski body cold na hoo.bathing k bahd baby ko immediately towel me fold kerain,ye sure kerain k uss ka head cover ho.baby towel hoods k saath freshly washed baby ko warm rukhnay k liay great hai.

Jab aap apnay baby ko bath ker rahi hoon tu uss ko bilkul bhi alone mat choorain.ager aap ko bathroom choornay ki zuroorat ho tu baby ko towel me wrap ker k saath lay jayain.

--

Circumcision k immediately bahd,usually penis ki tip ko petroleum jelly se coated guaze se cover kiya jaata.takay ye diaper se stick na ho.gently diaper change kertay time tip ko warm water k saath clean kerain,phir penis ki tip per petroleum jelly apply kerain.redness ya irritation kuch din me heal ho sakti hai.but ager redness aur swelling zayada increase ho jaye ya phir pus-filled blisters bun jayain,infection present ho sakta hai tu aap ko immediately baby k doctor ko call kerni chahiay.

Umbilical cord care newborns me bhi important hooti hai.kuch doctors suggest kertay hen k area per cord stump k dry hoonay tak alcohol rub kerain,usually 10 se 3 weeks tak but kuch doctors es ko aisay hi kuch apply kiay binna choor dainay ka mashwera daitay hen.apni doctor se es matter me baat kerain k wo kiya kahti hai.infant naval area ko water me tab tak submerge nahi kernna chahiay jab tak stump fall na ho jaye aur area heal na ho jaye.stump girnay se pelhay apna colr yellow se brown ya black me change ker laiti hai---ye normal hai.apnay doctor se consult kerain ager naval area red ho raha ho aur es se foul odor ya phir discharge develop ho raha ho.

--

Aap apnay baby ko bottle se feed kerti hoon ya breast se,tu aap confuse hoon gi k ye aap kitni bar kiya kerain but ye recommend kiya jaata hai k babies ko un ki demand per feed kerain---jab wo hungry dekhayi dain.ye aap ko baby ki crying se,uss fingers ko mouth me dalnay se ya phir sucking noises produce kernay se paata chal sakta hai k wo hungry hai.

Aik newborn baby ko 2 se 3 hours tak feef kerna chahiay.ager aap baby ko breastfeed kerti hoon tu apnay baby ko chance dain k wo her breast se 10-15 minutes feed keray.ager aap formula feedingker rahi hen tu phir aap ka baby her feeding per 2–3 ounces (60–90 milliliters)take keray ga.

Kuch babies ko few hours k liay jagaye rukhna perhta hai takay ye sure hoo k uss ne enough eat ker liya hai.apnay doctor ko cal kerain ager aap ka baby sucking aur eating me interested na ho aur ussko bar bar awake kerna perhay.

Ager aap formula feed ker rahi hen tu aap easily moniter ker sakti hen k kiya aap ka baby enough eat ker raha hai,but ager breastfeed hai tu ye little trickier ho ga.ager aap ka baby satisfied nazer ah raha ho aur 26 wet diapers produce ker raha ho aur saath hi din me kaheen stools,achi tata sleep ker raha ho aur regularly weight gain ker raha ho tu wo achi tara enough eat ker raha hai.apni doctor se baby k feeding schedule  aur growth concerns k baray me zuroor baat kerain.

Babies aam torr per feeding k doraan aik swallow kertay hen,aur ko baby ko es air ko remove kernay k liay us ski burping kerni hooti hai.ager aap baby ko bottle feed ker rahi hen tu baby ko her 2 to 3 ounces (60–90 milliliters) k bahd burp kerain aur her bar breasts ko switch kerain ager aap ussaybreast feed keraa rahi hoon.ager aap ka baby gassy ho raha ho ya phir uss ko gastroesophageal reflux hoon tu aap uss ko bottle-feeding me her ounce k bahd aur breastfeeding me her 5 minutes k bahd burp kerain.

burping strategies ye haan:

• Apnay baby ko upright hold kerain aur uss ka head apnay shoulders per rukhain.apnay baby k head aur back ko support kerain aur doseray hand se uss k back ko pat kerain.
• Apni lap per baby ko beithayain,apnay baby ki chest aur head ko aik hand e support kerain aur hand ki palm se baby ki chin ko paakerain,apnay hand ki heal apnay baby ki chest per rukhain(be carefull baby ki chin ko grip kerain---uss k throat ko nahi).baby ki back ko pat kernay k liay dosera hand use kerain.
• Apnay baby k face ko down apni lap per lay kerain.apnay baby ka head support kerain,ye sure ker lin k uss ka head us ski chest se higher ho,aur gently uss k back ko pat ya rb kerain.

Ager aap ka baby kuch minute k bahd burp na keray,baby ki position ko change kerain tu uss ko again feeding se pelhay burp kerain.humesha apnay baby ko feeding time over hoonay se pelhay burp kerain phir uss ko at least 10-15 minute upright position me rukhain so that wo spitting na keray.--

Sleeping Basics

As new parent,aap surprise hoon gi k aap ka baby jis ko din k her minute me aap ki zuroorat hai,actually about 16 hours ya zayada sleep kerta hai!newborns typically 3-4 hours k periods k liay sleep kertay hen.uss se night sleep expect na kerain—baby ka digestive system itna small hoota hai k un ko every few hours nourishment ki zuroorat hooti hai aur un ko awake kernna chahiay ager unhoon ne 5 hours tak kuch na fed kiya ho(uss k weight gain concern k baray me doctor se zuroor baat kerain).

Ap apnay baby se night k time kab sleep expect ker sakti hen 3 months ki age me bahot saray babies raat ko 6-8 hours k dermayaan sleep kertay hen.ager aap ka baby aisa nahi kerta tu koi baat nahi.adults ki tara babies bhi apnay sleep patterns aur cycles develop kertay hen,ager aap ka baby healthy hai aur weight bhi gain ker raha hai tu aap ko despair honnay ki koi zurorat nahi hai wo 3 months me raat ko nahi sleep kerta.

Ye important hai k babies ko un ki backs per sleep keraya jaye jis se sudden nfant death syndrome k risk ko reduce kiya ja sakta hai.in addition saray fluffy bedding, quilts, sheepskins, stuffed animals, aur pillows ko crib se remove ker dain takay aap ka baby un per tangled na ho aur wo suffocate bhi feel na kertay.

Even aap baby ko handle kernay me anxious feel kerain gi,start k kuch weeks me aap routine develop ker lain gi.ager aap k pass questions aur concerns hoon tu doctor se poochain wo aap ko resources recommend keray gi,jo aap ko aur aap k baby ko together grow kernay me hlp kerain gay.

missing headings in above topic

A guide for first time parents

Baby care basics:

Getting help after the birth.

Handling a newborn

Bonding and soothing techniques

Diapering dos and don’ts

Bathing basics

Sponge baths

Tub baths

Circumcision and umbilical cord care

Feeding and burping your baby

red chilli

red chilli

Sooth aunty

all about genetics

All About Genetics

Aap apnay family tree k baray me kiya jaanti hen?kiya aap k kisi relative ko koi health problem hai jo k family me chal rahi ho?jin problems ne aap k parents aur aap k grandparents ko affect kiya ho?jinhoon ne aap ko aur aaap k brother sisters ko ab affect kiya ho?jin problems ko aap apnay children me pass ker sakti hen?

 Thanks ko advance medical researches,ab doctor k pass aisay tools hen jin se wo sumajh sakain k kaisay kuch khaas illnesses aur un illnesses k risks generation to generation pass hotay hen.yahaan genetics k kuch basis likhay hen.

Genes and Chromosomes

Her person ka unique blueprints ka chemical set hoota hai jis se paata chalta hai k uss person ki body kaisi dekhti hai aur wo kaisay function kerti hai.ye blueprints aik complex chemical per moshtamil hootay hen jin ko deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) kahtay hen,ye aik long spiral shaped molecule hoota hai jo k body k her cell me paaya jaata hai.Dna me genetic information k codes hootay hen aur ye linked sub units se bunnta hai jis ko nucleotides kahtay hen.her nucleotide me aik phosphate group,aik sugar molecule(deoxyribose),aur 4 me se aik coding molecule jin ko bases(adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine) kahtay hen hootay hen.in bases ka sequence genetic code determine kerta hai.

Wo DNA k specific segments jo k specific body protein bunnanay k liay segments rukhtay hen un ko genes kahtay hen.right now, scientists believe kertay hen k human DNA me 25,000 se 35,000 genes hooti hen.kuch genes ki wajaa se aisi protein produce hooti hen jo eventually kuch physical features determine kerti hen jaisa k brown eyes ya curly hair.doseri genes ais body ko instructions daiti hen jin se important chemical produce hootay hen jin ko enzymes(jo k body me chemical reactions ko control kertay hen) kahtay hen.

Sometime kisi specific genes k code per depend kertay huay,even aik small error Dna k structure me entire body k liay serious problem cause kera hai.sometime aik gene me error life ko short aur physically difficult ker daiti hai.

Genes specific segments me human DNA k along payi jaati hen,jo k khaas structures chromosomes me pack hooti hen.her human cell me 46 chromosomes hootay hen jo k 23 k pairs me arrange hootay hen,jis me uss pair ka her member aik parent se inherited hoota hai conception k time.conception k bahd ye 46 chromosomes duplicate kertay rahtay aur developing child k her new cell me genetic information pass kertay rahtay hen.

Human chromosomes itnay large hootay hen k un ko aik high-powered microscope se dekhaa ja sakay,aur 23 pairs ko un k different size,shape aur uss tara se differ kiya jaata hai jis tara wo special laboratory dyes ko pick kertay hen.

Genetic Problems

Abnormal numbers of chromosomes(trisomies and monosomies)

Genetic problems kaheen reasons se hoo sakti hen.kabhi kabhi aik mistake hoo jaati hai cell division me,jo k chromosomes k number me error cause kerti hai jo k conception se early aur bahd me bhi hoo sakti hai.phir developing embryo cells se grow kerta hai jis me bahot zayada chromosomes hootay hen ya phir bahot kam.

Trisomy me for example particular chromosome ki normal 2 copies ki jaga three copies ho jaati hen.Down syndrome,trisomy 18(Edward) syndrome, aur trisomy 13 (patau) syndrome es type ki genetic problems ki examples hen.

Trisomy 18 syndrome 3,000 newborns me se aik ko effect kerti hai.children es syndrome k saath low birth weight,small head aur jaws rukhtay hen.un k hands typically abnormal finger position k saath closed fists bunnatay hen.in me malformation bhi hoo sakti hai aur in ko hips,feet,kidney,heart ki problems aur mental retardation bhi hoo sakti hai.in me se sirf 5% children 1 saal se zayada zinda rahtay hen.

Trisomy 13 syndrome 5,000 newborns me se sirf 1 ko ho sakta hai.es syndrome me cleft lip,flexed fingers extra digits k saath hooti hen,face aur neck ki hemangiomas(yahni blood vessaels ki malformation) aur skull aur face k kaheen doseri structural abnormalities shamil hen.es se ribs,heart,abdominal organs aur sex organs ki malformation bhi hooti hai.long term survival unlikely hai but possible hai.

Monosomy jo k aik aur number error hai,es me chromosome ka aik pair missing hoota hai.es me kahen zayada chromosomes hoonay ki jaga kaheen chromosomes kam hootay hen.

Deletion, Translocations, and Inversion

Kabhi kabhi chromosome number problem nahi hooti,laikin ye chromosomes incomplete ya abnormal shaped hootay hen.deletion aur microdeletion me for example kuch small part chromosome ka miss hoo jaata hai aur microdeletion me chromosome ka missing part itna small hoota hai that es per sirf single gene ya phir kuch hi genes hooti hen.

Important genetic disorders jo k deletion aur microdeletion se hootay hen un me Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome(jo chromosome 4 ko effect kerta hai),Cri-du-chat syndrome(chromosome 5),DiGeorge syndrome(chromosome 22), aur William syndrome (chromosome 7) shamil hen.

Translocations me(jo k 500 newborns me se aik ko effect kerta hai),chromosome k bits aik chromosome se doseray per shift hoo jaatay hen.inversion me(jo k 100 newborns me se aik ko effect kerti hai) DNA code snipped out hoota hai.tranlocation parent se inherited bhi ho sakti hai aur child k chromosome me spontaneously arise bhi hooti hai.

Translocation aur inversions dono typically children me malformation aur developmental problems cause nahi kertay.however adults jin me Translocation ya inversions hooti hai parent bunnay k time un k children me miscarriage aur chromosomal abnormalities ho sakti hen.

Sex chromosomes

Genetic problems tab bhi hooti hen jab abnormalities sex chromosomes ko effect kerti hen.normally newborn tab male hoota hai jab wo mother se x chromosome aur father se y chromosome receive kerta hai.child female ho gi ager wo x chromosome ki double dose aik her parent se inherit keray gi aur uss me y chromosome nahi ho ga.

Kabhi kabhi child sirf aik x chromosome se ya phir aik extra x ya y chromosome se born hoota hai.Turner syndrome aik aisa disorder hai jis me girls sirf aik x chromosome se born kerti hen.jab k boys klinfelter syndrome me xxy ya phir xxxy k saath born kertay hen.

Kabhi kabhi koi genetic problem x-linked hooti hai mean x chromosome uss disorder ko carry kerta hai.fragile x syndrome jis me mental retardation hooti hai boys me.doseri diseases jo k x-linked hen un me hemophilia aur Duchenne muscular dystrophy shamil hen.

Females es disease ki carriers ho sakti hen but ye normal x chromosome bhi inherit kerti hen es liay abnormal cancel ho jaata hai.males me kuin k aik x chromosome hoota hai es liay un ko ye disease hoo sakti hai.

Gene Mutation

Mutation aam torr per genetic material me problem ko kahtay hen aur kuch diseases mutation ki waja se hooti hen jab koi gene present tu hooti haai but wo altered gene hooti hai.es problem me number aur appearance genes ka normal hoota hai.defective gene ko determine kernay k liay scientists sophisticated DNA screening techniques use kertay hen.kuch illnesses jo k single gene me problems ki waja se hooti hen:phenylketonuria(PKU), cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia,tay-sach disease, aur achondroplasia(dwarfism ki aik type) shamil hai.

Although experts ye believe kertay hen k 3% se zayada diseases nahi hen jo single gene me eroor ki waja se hooti hen.new researches suggest kerti hen k may be ye underestimate ho.last few years me scientists ne kaheen diseases k genetic links discover kiay hen jin ko originally genetic sumjhaa jaata hai jin me kaheen different types k cancers bhi shamil hen.

Oncogenes (Cancer-causing genes)

Researches se 20-30 cancer susceptibility genes identify hui hen jis se person me malignancy ka chance kafi hud tk increase ho gaya hai.for example aik gene chromosome number 9 per identify hui hai jo common skin cancer jis ko basal cell carcinoma kahtay hen cause kerti hai.ye gene labeled PTC ya patched kisi din es type k cancer ki screening me important ho jaye gi.aik aur gene jis ko HNPCC kahtay hen,300 me se aik person carry kerta hai jo k insaan me colon cancer ka chance increase ker daiti hai.aur aik dangerous gene BRCA-1 women me breast cancer ka 85% chance develop ker sakti hai aur es k saath hi 50% chance ovarian tumors ka bhi.

Other Genetically Linked Diseases

Altered genes kaheen doseri devastating diseases k develop honnay me role play kerti hen.for example Parkinson disease jo k chromosome number 4 per present gene se hooti hai. Aur multiple sclerosis chromosome number 6 per gene ki alternation se hooti hai.Alzheimer’s disease chromosome number 19 se linked hooti hai.

Although heart disease aur diabetes appear hooti hen simultaneous changes ki waja se jo k kaheen different genes me hooti hai,American heart association k motabik ye gene aik artery-clogging gene ho sakti hai jo k coronary arteries me fatty deposits ker k un ko block kernay k risks ko double ker daiti hai.ye gene kisi insaan me adult-onset diabetes k chances ko triple ker daiti hai.

Although heart disease and diabetes appear to be related to simultaneous changes in many different genes, the first of these may already have been identified. According to the American Heart Association, this gene may be an artery-clogging gene that almost doubles the risk of fatty deposits blocking the coronary arteries. Having the gene may also triple someone's chances of getting adult-onset diabetes.

Ye note kernna important hai k bahot sari newest information genetic research se abhi usefull screening tests me translate nahi hui hai.however experts predict kertay hen k ye jaldi change ho jaye gi aur wo estimate kertay hen k coming year me available genetic test screening ka number dramatically increase ho jaye ga.

all about genetics

All About Genetics

Aap apnay family tree k baray me kiya jaanti hen?kiya aap k kisi relative ko koi health problem hai jo k family me chal rahi ho?jin problems ne aap k parents aur aap k grandparents ko affect kiya ho?jinhoon ne aap ko aur aaap k brother sisters ko ab affect kiya ho?jin problems ko aap apnay children me pass ker sakti hen?

 Thanks ko advance medical researches,ab doctor k pass aisay tools hen jin se wo sumajh sakain k kaisay kuch khaas illnesses aur un illnesses k risks generation to generation pass hotay hen.yahaan genetics k kuch basis likhay hen.

Genes and Chromosomes

Her person ka unique blueprints ka chemical set hoota hai jis se paata chalta hai k uss person ki body kaisi dekhti hai aur wo kaisay function kerti hai.ye blueprints aik complex chemical per moshtamil hootay hen jin ko deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) kahtay hen,ye aik long spiral shaped molecule hoota hai jo k body k her cell me paaya jaata hai.Dna me genetic information k codes hootay hen aur ye linked sub units se bunnta hai jis ko nucleotides kahtay hen.her nucleotide me aik phosphate group,aik sugar molecule(deoxyribose),aur 4 me se aik coding molecule jin ko bases(adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine) kahtay hen hootay hen.in bases ka sequence genetic code determine kerta hai.

Wo DNA k specific segments jo k specific body protein bunnanay k liay segments rukhtay hen un ko genes kahtay hen.right now, scientists believe kertay hen k human DNA me 25,000 se 35,000 genes hooti hen.kuch genes ki wajaa se aisi protein produce hooti hen jo eventually kuch physical features determine kerti hen jaisa k brown eyes ya curly hair.doseri genes ais body ko instructions daiti hen jin se important chemical produce hootay hen jin ko enzymes(jo k body me chemical reactions ko control kertay hen) kahtay hen.

Sometime kisi specific genes k code per depend kertay huay,even aik small error Dna k structure me entire body k liay serious problem cause kera hai.sometime aik gene me error life ko short aur physically difficult ker daiti hai.

Genes specific segments me human DNA k along payi jaati hen,jo k khaas structures chromosomes me pack hooti hen.her human cell me 46 chromosomes hootay hen jo k 23 k pairs me arrange hootay hen,jis me uss pair ka her member aik parent se inherited hoota hai conception k time.conception k bahd ye 46 chromosomes duplicate kertay rahtay aur developing child k her new cell me genetic information pass kertay rahtay hen.

Human chromosomes itnay large hootay hen k un ko aik high-powered microscope se dekhaa ja sakay,aur 23 pairs ko un k different size,shape aur uss tara se differ kiya jaata hai jis tara wo special laboratory dyes ko pick kertay hen.

Genetic Problems

Abnormal numbers of chromosomes(trisomies and monosomies)

Genetic problems kaheen reasons se hoo sakti hen.kabhi kabhi aik mistake hoo jaati hai cell division me,jo k chromosomes k number me error cause kerti hai jo k conception se early aur bahd me bhi hoo sakti hai.phir developing embryo cells se grow kerta hai jis me bahot zayada chromosomes hootay hen ya phir bahot kam.

Trisomy me for example particular chromosome ki normal 2 copies ki jaga three copies ho jaati hen.Down syndrome,trisomy 18(Edward) syndrome, aur trisomy 13 (patau) syndrome es type ki genetic problems ki examples hen.

Trisomy 18 syndrome 3,000 newborns me se aik ko effect kerti hai.children es syndrome k saath low birth weight,small head aur jaws rukhtay hen.un k hands typically abnormal finger position k saath closed fists bunnatay hen.in me malformation bhi hoo sakti hai aur in ko hips,feet,kidney,heart ki problems aur mental retardation bhi hoo sakti hai.in me se sirf 5% children 1 saal se zayada zinda rahtay hen.

Trisomy 13 syndrome 5,000 newborns me se sirf 1 ko ho sakta hai.es syndrome me cleft lip,flexed fingers extra digits k saath hooti hen,face aur neck ki hemangiomas(yahni blood vessaels ki malformation) aur skull aur face k kaheen doseri structural abnormalities shamil hen.es se ribs,heart,abdominal organs aur sex organs ki malformation bhi hooti hai.long term survival unlikely hai but possible hai.

Monosomy jo k aik aur number error hai,es me chromosome ka aik pair missing hoota hai.es me kahen zayada chromosomes hoonay ki jaga kaheen chromosomes kam hootay hen.

Deletion, Translocations, and Inversion

Kabhi kabhi chromosome number problem nahi hooti,laikin ye chromosomes incomplete ya abnormal shaped hootay hen.deletion aur microdeletion me for example kuch small part chromosome ka miss hoo jaata hai aur microdeletion me chromosome ka missing part itna small hoota hai that es per sirf single gene ya phir kuch hi genes hooti hen.

Important genetic disorders jo k deletion aur microdeletion se hootay hen un me Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome(jo chromosome 4 ko effect kerta hai),Cri-du-chat syndrome(chromosome 5),DiGeorge syndrome(chromosome 22), aur William syndrome (chromosome 7) shamil hen.

Translocations me(jo k 500 newborns me se aik ko effect kerta hai),chromosome k bits aik chromosome se doseray per shift hoo jaatay hen.inversion me(jo k 100 newborns me se aik ko effect kerti hai) DNA code snipped out hoota hai.tranlocation parent se inherited bhi ho sakti hai aur child k chromosome me spontaneously arise bhi hooti hai.

Translocation aur inversions dono typically children me malformation aur developmental problems cause nahi kertay.however adults jin me Translocation ya inversions hooti hai parent bunnay k time un k children me miscarriage aur chromosomal abnormalities ho sakti hen.

Sex chromosomes

Genetic problems tab bhi hooti hen jab abnormalities sex chromosomes ko effect kerti hen.normally newborn tab male hoota hai jab wo mother se x chromosome aur father se y chromosome receive kerta hai.child female ho gi ager wo x chromosome ki double dose aik her parent se inherit keray gi aur uss me y chromosome nahi ho ga.

Kabhi kabhi child sirf aik x chromosome se ya phir aik extra x ya y chromosome se born hoota hai.Turner syndrome aik aisa disorder hai jis me girls sirf aik x chromosome se born kerti hen.jab k boys klinfelter syndrome me xxy ya phir xxxy k saath born kertay hen.

Kabhi kabhi koi genetic problem x-linked hooti hai mean x chromosome uss disorder ko carry kerta hai.fragile x syndrome jis me mental retardation hooti hai boys me.doseri diseases jo k x-linked hen un me hemophilia aur Duchenne muscular dystrophy shamil hen.

Females es disease ki carriers ho sakti hen but ye normal x chromosome bhi inherit kerti hen es liay abnormal cancel ho jaata hai.males me kuin k aik x chromosome hoota hai es liay un ko ye disease hoo sakti hai.

Gene Mutation

Mutation aam torr per genetic material me problem ko kahtay hen aur kuch diseases mutation ki waja se hooti hen jab koi gene present tu hooti haai but wo altered gene hooti hai.es problem me number aur appearance genes ka normal hoota hai.defective gene ko determine kernay k liay scientists sophisticated DNA screening techniques use kertay hen.kuch illnesses jo k single gene me problems ki waja se hooti hen:phenylketonuria(PKU), cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia,tay-sach disease, aur achondroplasia(dwarfism ki aik type) shamil hai.

Although experts ye believe kertay hen k 3% se zayada diseases nahi hen jo single gene me eroor ki waja se hooti hen.new researches suggest kerti hen k may be ye underestimate ho.last few years me scientists ne kaheen diseases k genetic links discover kiay hen jin ko originally genetic sumjhaa jaata hai jin me kaheen different types k cancers bhi shamil hen.

Oncogenes (Cancer-causing genes)

Researches se 20-30 cancer susceptibility genes identify hui hen jis se person me malignancy ka chance kafi hud tk increase ho gaya hai.for example aik gene chromosome number 9 per identify hui hai jo common skin cancer jis ko basal cell carcinoma kahtay hen cause kerti hai.ye gene labeled PTC ya patched kisi din es type k cancer ki screening me important ho jaye gi.aik aur gene jis ko HNPCC kahtay hen,300 me se aik person carry kerta hai jo k insaan me colon cancer ka chance increase ker daiti hai.aur aik dangerous gene BRCA-1 women me breast cancer ka 85% chance develop ker sakti hai aur es k saath hi 50% chance ovarian tumors ka bhi.

Other Genetically Linked Diseases

Altered genes kaheen doseri devastating diseases k develop honnay me role play kerti hen.for example Parkinson disease jo k chromosome number 4 per present gene se hooti hai. Aur multiple sclerosis chromosome number 6 per gene ki alternation se hooti hai.Alzheimer’s disease chromosome number 19 se linked hooti hai.

Although heart disease aur diabetes appear hooti hen simultaneous changes ki waja se jo k kaheen different genes me hooti hai,American heart association k motabik ye gene aik artery-clogging gene ho sakti hai jo k coronary arteries me fatty deposits ker k un ko block kernay k risks ko double ker daiti hai.ye gene kisi insaan me adult-onset diabetes k chances ko triple ker daiti hai.

Although heart disease and diabetes appear to be related to simultaneous changes in many different genes, the first of these may already have been identified. According to the American Heart Association, this gene may be an artery-clogging gene that almost doubles the risk of fatty deposits blocking the coronary arteries. Having the gene may also triple someone's chances of getting adult-onset diabetes.

Ye note kernna important hai k bahot sari newest information genetic research se abhi usefull screening tests me translate nahi hui hai.however experts predict kertay hen k ye jaldi change ho jaye gi aur wo estimate kertay hen k coming year me available genetic test screening ka number dramatically increase ho jaye ga.

sooth

Sooth: we will delete your article

re

veer bhai these are not copy paste main in ko books aur sites se material collect ker k romen urdu me likhti hoon aur phir ms word se yahaan paste kerti hoon.

doctorpk es thread me jo bhi topics hen wo saray pregnancy aur childbirth se related hen es se pelhay mainay pregnancy calender likha tha tu 40 weeks ki detail aik hi post me hi likhi ja sakti thi eshi tara all pregnancy tests ki detail bhi mainay aik hi thread me likhi hai ab aik new topic hai sexually transmitted diseases ab kiya her disease ki detail bhi alaag thread me post kiya keroon es tara tu aik topic k saray sub topics ki kitni threads bun jayain gi.es k bahd mainay all about breastfeeding likhnna hai aur methods of chilbirth tu kiya un sub methods ko main alag alag threads me post keroon gi.

article 600 words se ziadah bara nahi hona chahiye

Sooth: aap article likh rahi hai ya book? yeh discussion forum hai. yaha per sirf aur sirf chote articles likhne ki ijazat hai. aap ne pregnancy calender (40 weeks) jo yaha post kia hai woh ghalat hai. agar aap bar bar os ka hawala de gi tu ose delete ker dia jaaye ga.

aap ko aik dafa phir se inform kia jaata hai keh aap ka koi bhi article 600 words se ziadah nahi hona chahiye, ziadah hone ki soorat mai ose edit/delete ker dia jaaye ga.

kali zuban

kiya uss me jo material tha wo sara ghalut tha ya phir es waja se k wo 600 words se bahot zayada tha aap es tara mat kahaan bcoz yahaan article likhnay k bhi rules nahi likhay huay aur pelhay mujhe ye nahi bataaya gaya tha that 600 se zayada word ka article nahi likhnaa.ager ye sirf discussion forum hai tu yahaan articles ki category kuin di gayi hai?

Sooth: article ko three part mai post kare

1. Pregnancy and Child Birth: Part - I
2. Pregnancy and Child Birth: Part - II
3. Pregnancy and Child Birth: Part - III

kali baji

Sooth aunty