Semen and sperm Quality

Semen and sperm Quality

What is semen?

Semen aik white ya grey liquid hai jo ke urethra (penis ma aik tube) se ejaculation ke time emit hota ha.

Aam torr per aik mililitre semen ma millions spermatozoa ya sperms hotay han laikin majority volume male reproductive organs me glands ki secretion per consist kerta hai.

Semen ka purpose purely reproduction hai ye aik vehicle hai jo spermatozoa ko female reproductive track tak lay ker jaata hai.although semen ki ejaculation orgasm aur sexual pleasure ke saath hoti hai laikin erection aur orgasm dono different mechanism se control hotay han aur zyada people ma enjoyable sex ke liay semen emission essential nahi hai.

Where is semen made?

Semen bahot sari glands secretions per consist kerti hai laikin sirf 5 percent testicle se aati hai.

Where is semen made

Contribution Gland              Percentage of whole ejaculation

Testicles aur epididymes         5 percent

Seminal vesicles                     46 to 80 percent

Prostate gland                       13 to 33 percent

Bulbourethral aur                    2 to 5 percent

urethral glands

Testicles and epididymes

Spermatozoa develop hoonay ma 70 din laitay han aur testicles ma produce hotay han.her sperm testicle ma aik cell spermatogonium se produce hota hai. Spermatogonium divide kertay han aur spermatocytes produce hotay han,jo phir spermatids ma develop hotay han.spermatid ma finally aik tail bunnti hai tu es tail ke zariay spermatids gradually move kertay han.

Spermatid eventually mature spermatozoan ma develop hotay han.ye process 60 days laita hai aur phir sperm 10 se 14 din laita hai aur her testicle ki duct se pass kerta hai aur e ski sperm maturing tube se aur phir epididymis se,es se pelhay ke ye body ko semen ma ejaculation ke doraan leave kerta hai.

Testicles ma produce honnay walay semen ma bahot saray chemicals hotay han laikin ye testosterone se rich hota hai.

Seminal vesicles

Seminal volume ke half se zyada seminal vesicles contribute kertay han.in ki secretions aam tor per sugar se rich hoti han jis ko fructose kahtay han jo ke spermatozoa ke liay essential nutrient hai.ye aik substance bhi produce kerti hai jo ke semen ko clot ker daita hai stuicky ya jelly ki tara ejaculation ke bahd though ye reproduction ma useful hai aur semen ko women womb ki neck per rakhta hai.

Prostate gland

Prostrate gland ki secretions ma bahot saray chemicals hotay han jin ma se prostate specific antigen (PSA) probably zyada interesting hai.                           PSA aik enzyme hai,aik catalyst jis ki wajha se chemical reactions speed up hotay han,es case ma aik enzyme ki type jis ko coagulase kahtay han.PSA ka prime function clotted semen ko liquefy kerna hai takay spermatozoa es se escape ker sakay aur swim ker sakay takay ovum ya egg ko female reproductive track ma fertilise ker sakay.

Prostrate gland cells PSA produce kertay han aur es ma se kuch blood stream ma bhi chala jaata hai aur semen ma bhi appear hota hai.jitna bigger aur zyada active prostrate gland ho ga utna hi zyada PSA blood ma appear ho ga.wo men jin ka bigger aur benign )non-cancerous) prostrate gland hota hai un ke blood ma PSA level bhi average se zyada hota hai.wo men jin ka prostrate cancer ho un ka high level hota hai.however dono conditions ma PSA level normal ho sakta hai.ye prostrate size aur activity ka aik useful marker hai likin ye prostrate cancer ka specific test nahi hai.

Bulbourethral and urethral glands

In glands ki secretions male reproductive track ko lubricate kerti han laikin in ma antibodies bhi hoti han jo ke fertility ko effect ker sakti han.ye anti-sperm antibodies spermatozoa ko proper move kernay aur ovum ya egg se fertilise kernay se bhi rok sakti han.

What is normal semen?

Semen aam torr per white ya grey hoti hai,laikin kabhi kabhi yellowish bhi ho jaati hai.pink ya red semen ka matlab hai ke semen ma blood hai.although ye rare hai kisi health problem ki wajha se.wo men jin ke semen ma blood ho unhain forum kisi doctor se advice laini chahiay.

Semen almost ejaculation ke forum bahd clot ho jaata hai aur aik sticky jelly-like liquid bunata hai.ye phir 5 se 40 minutes ke dermayaan phir liquefy hota hai.semen ka jelly l-like globules bunana bilkul normal hai aur ye koi health ya fertility problem show nahi kerta.clotting ma failure ya semen ki bahot zyada liquification fertility ki problem cause ker sakti hai.

Ejaculation ke waqt semen ka average paeda honnay wla volume 2 se 5mil hai aur volume 1.5mil se kam hypospermia aur 5.5ml se zyada hyperspermia kahlaata hai aur ye abnormal hai.lower volumes aam torr per frequent ejaculation ke bahd hotay han aur higher volumes kafi gap ke bahd ejaculation honnay se hota hai.

Worl Health Organization normal sperm count ki definition provide kerta hai:

• Spermatozoa ki concentration 20 million per ml honni chahiay.
• Semen ka total volume 2ml honna chahiay.
• Ejaculation ma total spermatozoa ka number kam, se kam 40 million honna chahiay.
• 75 percent spermatozoa ko alive rahna chahiay aur 25 percent ka dead honna normal hai.
• Kam se kam 30 percent spermatozoa ko normal shape aur form ma honna chahiay.
• Kam se kam 25 percent spermatozoa ko rapid forward movement se swim kerna chahiay.
• Kam se kam 50 percent spermatozoa ko forward swim kerna chiay chahay sluggishly hi move kerain.

Ye bilkul surprising hai ke aik normal semen ma kitnay dead aur abnormal sperms han.

Sperm count ko measure kerna bahot technical business hai aur results kaheen factors se effect ho sakty han jin ma uss time ki kength jo ejaculation aur semen sample analysis ma hai aur ye ke sample ko lab ma transport kertay huay kaisay rakha gaya hai.

Aik hi individual ma sperm ountr ma bahot zyada variation ho sakta hai,even kuch hi days ma.ye important hai ke kam se kam 2 aur zyada se zyada 3 ya uss se bhi zyada samples analyse kiay jayain her 2 ya 3 week ke gap ke saath.aik hi sample sperm quality jannay ke liay na kafi hai.

Sperm count sirf fertilizing capacity ka indication hai aur normal count success ki guarantee nahi day sakta.es ke saath hi zyada necessarily better nahi ho sakta jaisa ke bahot igh sperm count se bhi fertility ho sakti hai.

Is male fertility declining?

Kitnay aisay articles han jin se ye pata chalta hai ke sperm count gradually fall ker raha ha aur male fertility bhi decline ker rahi hai.in ma se aik report 1992 ke Carlson aur collaborators ke papers ma thi,jinhon ne 1938 ma publish honnay walay 61 papers ko dekha aur report jari ki jis se ye patta chal raha tha ke average sperm count 42 percent drop ho chukka hai.howver un ka analysis flawed bhi ho sakta hai aur un ke conclusions ko reliable bhi nahi sumjha ja sakta.

Uss ke bahd bhi kitni studies hui but kuch reports kahti hank e sperm count gradually fall ker raha hai aur kuch ke according koi change nahi hai.es waqt koi clear evidence nahi hai.

Could environmental factors be affecting male fertility today?

Es waqt pichlay 50 saal se zyada environmental factors exist kertay han jo ke male fertility ko effect ker saktay han.un factors ma:

• endocrine disrupters
• toxic pollutants
• sexually transmitted infections
• zinc deficiency
• alcoholism
• smoking
• anabolic steroid use
• ionising radiation.

Endocrine disrupters environment ma present chemicals hani wajha se endocrine (hormonal) system badly effect hota hai jo ke health consequences cause kerta hai.kitnay industrial pollutants fertility ko effect kertay han jin ma smoking aur alcohol ka use bhi hai.in ma se kuch toxins reproductive disorders,neurological diseses,immune system disorders aur cancer cause bhi cause kertay han.

Pollutants that may cause fertility problems

Potential toxin      Source

Thalates                plastics industry

Alkylphenols         Industrial aur domestic detergents

Organochlorine       Lindane jo cereals, soft fruits, cabbage ma use hotay han

pesticides

(Lindane,

DDT, etc)

Bisphenol A           Lacquers jo foods ko coat kernay aur Dental treatments ma use hotay               

                                Han

Dioxins                   Paper production , Transformer disposal

Vinclozolin             Fungicide used on foods

Phytoestrogens       Soya products

How can I preserve my fertility?

• Balance diet aur regular exercise ke saath healthy lifestyle adopt kerain.
• Smoke mat kerain aur recreational drugs bhi mat use kerain.
• Alcohol ka use bilkul bhi mat kerain.
• Industrial aur pccupational hazards ke exposure se dour rahain safety procedures se aur protective clothing wear ker ke.employees ka healthy aur safe working environment honna chahiay aur unhain occasional health risks pki pori information honni chahiay.
• Sexully transmitted diseases se dour rahain aur safer sexual practice adopt kerain.

Existing evidence ye nahi suggest kerta ke boxer shorts wer kernay aur testicles ko cold water ma rakhnay se semen quality increase ho gi.

Aik interesting research studies Netherland se ye show kerti hai ke tight leather trousers aur tight plastic underwear dono aik saath pahnanay se sperm motility effect hoti hai laikin alone pahnanay se koi effect nahi ho ga.

Kuch evidence show kertay hank e stress semen quality ko reduce kerta hai probably hormonal changes ki wajha se jo ke stress ki wajha se hoti han.

Stress ke causes modern life ma fertility ki problem cause kertay han tu ager aisa kuch ho tu doctor ki advice lain.

Aik healthy young couple ka conceive kernay ka chance aik month ma 20 percent hai tu 3 se 6 month ka delay koi bari baat nahi hai.ager 6 month ke bahd bhi conceive na ho tu doctor se consult kerain.

Semen and sperm Quality