@@zeb

Big Breasts...

Big Breasts

My comments are based upon scientific details. Visually, it may be a whole different ball game, no pun intended, as some men prefer quantity over quality, even though they may have to engage both hands together on one breast at a time if the breast size is formidable and too handful (for one hand). I am guessing I have no clue! Some men, who may have first hand experience with bigger breasts may have a different take. It is good to know the reactions from small breasted ladies though ;-)

re neel

Mubash

Mubash,

 Keeping in mind time constraints, I shall explain the hormones that you are seeking information for; I shall attempt to do it in simple terms without complex scientific words. That said, I shall set the ball rolling by furnishing sort of an overview on hormones, their nature, classification (different classes or types) and biological function.

 Testosterone is generally classified as androgens (male hormone) but it is synthesized by females and plays crucial roles in the female body. Estrogen hormones are produced from androgens.

 I am intrigued by your curiosity for information gathering and your pursuit of knowledge! Excellent!! The whole area of hormones from a physiology (or physiological point of view) falls within the broad scope of endocrinology. We shall eventually come to that. The scientific pursuit of hormones cuts across several disciplines (both classical and contemporary) such as biochemistry/cell and molecular biology, endocrinology, physiology/pharmacology. Hormones were traditionally studied along these lines. A fascinating and rapidly advancing area in this endeavor is the understanding and appreciation of the modes by which hormones "activate" genes. This activation refers to the ways in which hormones influence the expression of genes. Gene expression results in the production of specific proteins in the body. This field primarily emerged about 4 decades ago. One milestone to have come about is the understanding of the steroid hormone, vitamin D (D₃ ), which rather functions as a hormone. Activation of a gene to express itself properly is scientifically known as "turn on" (switching off: turn off). Strangely enough this word is also used colloquially (rather as slang) in a different context, as you are aware of! 

The hormones that you wish to know about are either proteins or steroids. The latter type of hormones, steroids, are formed in body tissues from the fat, cholesterol. A form of cholesterol in the body is photo excited (or activated by light) when a person exposes her or his body to sunlight. The result is a form of vitamin D, which is further processed by additional steps to the functional (biologically active) form of vitamin D (known as vitamin D₃),  which acts as a hormone. Steroids exhibit a broad range of biological activities. These substances (molecules) have not undergone any substantial changes over tens of thousands of years. In other words, they are conserved throughout evolution.

 The word hormone is derived from the Greek hormao meaning 'I excite or arouse'. Hormones communicate this effect by their molecular structures, which are recognized by specific proteins called receptors on their target cells in the body (cells on which they bring about or exert an action), by their patterns of secretion in body cells and their concentrations (amounts) in the general or localized circulation.

A hormone is a molecule released by a specialized group of cells in particular glands in the body directly into the circulation or lymph system (without ducts) and acting on a distant target tissue. This function is defined as "endocrine" in a classical sense. Therefore, hormones are endocrine factors.  

 One can broadly group the functions of hormones into several categories: reproduction and sexual differentiation; development and growth; maintenance of the internal conditions (internal environment) in body cells; and regulation of biochemical changes (metabolism) and nutrient supply. A single hormone may affect more than one of these functions and each function may be controlled by several hormones. For example, thyroid hormone is essential in development as well as many aspects of relatively constant state maintenance in the body (homeostasis) and metabolism. Certain steroids (for instance) (glucocorticoids), such as cortisol, are important both in growth and nutrient supply and also in the regulation (modulation) of immune function. The roles that  several hormones play in one function is exemplified by the control of blood glucose, the common sugar, which involves peptide insulin, produced by the gland, pancreas in the body, and its counter regulatory hormone, glucagon, as well as cortisol, growth hormone and epinephrine (adrenaline).   Hormones act in concert and thus, an abnormality in a controlled variable, such as blood glucose concentration may result from defects in the control of any one of several hormones.

 Tune in!

 Thanks…

Cholesterol --à progesterone -à  androgens (testosterone) -à estrogens

thanks neel !

Mubash Ji

Thank you kindly! I shall continue and try to reply to your questions further in a user friendly fashion without too much science.

 You may be thinking of why I was talking about gene expression…

 One of the reasons that I emphasized the role of hormones in gene expression is the following. Since hormones such as testosterone turn on genes and turn them off, the proteins formed because of these genes in human body cells vary in amounts and their quality. This may have health issues unless this process is well balanced. This why caution is advocated when using hormones as nutritional, over the counter, supplements. For instance, females may resort to taking testosterone either to increase sex drive or for breast issues. Testosterone is converted in the body to estrogens. Estrogens, as you are aware, have lot of possible effects, as you are aware of the. Not the least of which is the increase in number (multiplication or proliferation, as it is known) of body cells in organs, for example breast tissue cells. This overgrowth may over time be able to have possible effects on inducing cancer. Cancer induction is a very long process. Initiation, promotion and progression of cancer take a number of years. One needs to be very cautious not to consume very high doses of hormone supplements without knowing what one is doing. 

 Cheers.

Mubash

Let us respond to your questions on FT3, FT4, TSH…

 F in front of FT3 and FT4 simply stands for free…means one is measuring the free form of the hormone, and not the hormone combined (bound) with other substances in the blood.  T₄ stands for thyroxin. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, below voice box. This is a small, about 5-cm gland. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating activities involved in the conversion of food (nutrients) into energy to create other substances, such as proteins and fat, which release energy in the body, and calcium balance in the body... These biochemical changes are known as metabolism. ) The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by body cells. The harder the cells work, the more oxygen they need for doing work. The amounts of hormones secreted by the thyroid are controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), produced by a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, known as the pituitary gland.  

 The function of the thyroid gland is to take up iodine , found in many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine.  These cells combine iodine and an amino acid found in proteins to make T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are then released into the blood stream and are transported throughout the body where they control the conversion of foods and oxygen into energy (metabolism).  Every cell in the body depends upon thyroid hormones for its activities.  The normal thyroid gland produces about 80% T4 and about 20% T3, however, T3 possesses about four times the hormone “strength” as T4.   When the level of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) drops too low, the brain (the pituitary gland) produces TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more hormones. When T3 and T$ in the blood are low, the brain produces more TSH and this produces more T3 and T4. If T3 and T4 amounts are very high, less TSH is released from the brain.  

 A gland located on top of each kidney, called the adrenal gland, produced hormones, known as steroid hormones. Both thyroid and adrenal gland functions depend on each other. For example, prolonged high amounts of the adrenal gland hormone, cortisol, known as the stress hormone, lowers the amounts of T3 and T4 made in the thyroid.

TSH and other hormones made in the brain are proteins.

T3 and T4 are made from a single amino acid. Several amino acids make up the protein chain.

Cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, etc., are steroids; they are made in the body from fats. Vitamin D is also a steroid like substance.

Re neel

Excellent u r really great .. . u've very much knowledge about that i appreaciated u .  especially for deeply expalaination . .

keep in touch in furture i 'll question u  more. . . but now i have completely understand  about hormones information . . .

Mubash

Thank you for assimilating the information and your thirst for information and scientific curiosity. I shall respond to your remaining questions, testosterone, progesterone (steroids), prolactin and LH separately, in due course. Enjoy the week!

RPLY

...Edit....

Average & round

I like average size of breast

agreed

ayan

prgnency problam

prgnency problam

ayan

breast kaise kam karon????

anna